R에서 사용되는 기호들과 의미 (%)

Syntax Meaning

x + y  x plus y

x - y  x minus y

x*y  juxtapose x and y

x/y  x forwardslash y

x %%y x나누기 y의 나머지

x %+-% y  x plus or minus y

x %/% y  x divided by y

x %*% y  x times y

x %.% y  x cdot y

x[i]  x subscript i

x^2  x superscript 2

paste(x, y, z)  juxtapose x, y, and z

sqrt(x)  square root of x

sqrt(x, y)  yth root of x

x == y  x equals y

x != y  x is not equal to y

x < y  x is less than y

x <= y  x is less than or equal to y

x > y  x is greater than y

x >= y  x is greater than or equal to y

x %~~% y  x is approximately equal to y

x %=~% y  x and y are congruent

x %==% y  x is defined as y

x %prop% y  x is proportional to y

x %~% y  x is distributed as y

plain(x)  draw x in normal font

bold(x)  draw x in bold font

italic(x)  draw x in italic font

bolditalic(x)  draw x in bolditalic font

symbol(x)  draw x in symbol font

list(x, y, z)  comma-separated list

...  ellipsis (height varies)

cdots  ellipsis (vertically centred)

ldots  ellipsis (at baseline)

x %subset% y  x is a proper subset of y

x %subseteq% y  x is a subset of y

x %notsubset% y  x is not a subset of y

x %supset% y  x is a proper superset of y

x %supseteq% y  x is a superset of y

x %in% y  x is an element of y

x %notin% y  x is not an element of y

hat(x)  x with a circumflex

tilde(x)  x with a tilde

dot(x)  x with a dot

ring(x)  x with a ring

bar(xy)  xy with bar

widehat(xy)  xy with a wide circumflex

widetilde(xy)  xy with a wide tilde

x %<->% y  x double-arrow y

x %->% y  x right-arrow y

x %<-% y  x left-arrow y

x %up% y  x up-arrow y

x %down% y  x down-arrow y

x %<=>% y  x is equivalent to y

x %=>% y  x implies y

x %<=% y  y implies x

x %dblup% y  x double-up-arrow y

x %dbldown% y  x double-down-arrow y

alpha -- omega  Greek symbols

Alpha -- Omega  uppercase Greek symbols

theta1, phi1, sigma1, omega1  cursive Greek symbols

Upsilon1  capital upsilon with hook

aleph  first letter of Hebrew alphabet

infinity  infinity symbol

partialdiff  partial differential symbol

nabla  nabla, gradient symbol

32*degree  32 degrees

60*minute  60 minutes of angle

30*second  30 seconds of angle

displaystyle(x)  draw x in normal size (extra spacing)

textstyle(x)  draw x in normal size

scriptstyle(x)  draw x in small size

scriptscriptstyle(x)  draw x in very small size

underline(x)  draw x underlined

x ~~ y  put extra space between x and y

x + phantom(0) + y  leave gap for "0", but don't draw it

x + over(1, phantom(0))  leave vertical gap for "0" (don't draw)

frac(x, y)  x over y

over(x, y)  x over y

atop(x, y)  x over y (no horizontal bar)

sum(x[i], i==1, n)  sum x[i] for i equals 1 to n

prod(plain(P)(X==x), x)  product of P(X=x) for all values of x

integral(f(x)*dx, a, b)  definite integral of f(x) wrt x

union(A[i], i==1, n)  union of A[i] for i equals 1 to n

intersect(A[i], i==1, n)  intersection of A[i]

lim(f(x), x %->% 0)  limit of f(x) as x tends to 0

min(g(x), x > 0)  minimum of g(x) for x greater than 0

inf(S)  infimum of S

sup(S)  supremum of S

x^y + z  normal operator precedence

x^(y + z)  visible grouping of operands

x^{y + z}  invisible grouping of operands

group("(",list(a, b),"]")  specify left and right delimiters

bgroup("(",atop(x,y),")")  use scalable delimiters

group(lceil, x, rceil)  special delimiters

group(lfloor, x, rfloor)  special delimiters